The physicists De Broglie, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, etc., after 13 years of arduous demonstration, have explained many complex spectroscopic phenomena well on the basis of the modern quantum mechanical model and the Bohr atomic model. The core is Wave dynamics. In the Bohr atomic model, the orbit has only one quantum number (principal quantum number), but modern quantum mechanics models introduce more quantum numbers [7] [13].
① The principal quantum number (principal quantum number), the principal quantum number determines the different electronic sublayers, named K, L, M, N, O, P, Q.
②Angular quantum number (angular quantum number), the angular quantum number determines different energy levels, the symbol "l" has n values (1, 2, 3,...n-1), and the symbols are s, p, d, f, g, means that for multi-electron atoms, the state of movement of electrons is related to l.
③ Magnetic quantum number (magnetic quantum number) The magnetic quantum number determines the orbits of different energy levels, the symbol "m" (see "Magnetic Moment" below). Only useful when a magnetic field is applied. The three quantities "n", "l" and "m" determine the motion state of an atom.
④ Spin magnetic quantum number (spin m.q.n.) electrons in the same orbit have two kinds of spins, that is, the essence of "↑↓" spin phenomenon is still under discussion.