Low-carbon economy means that under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, through various means such as technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation, new energy development, etc., the consumption of high-carbon energy such as coal and petroleum is reduced as much as possible, and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to achieve A form of economic development that is a win-win situation for economic and social development and ecological environmental protection.
"Low-carbon economy" was first seen in a government document in the 2003 British energy white paper "Our Energy Future: Creating a Low-Carbon Economy". As a pioneer of the first industrial revolution and an island country that is not rich in resources, the UK is fully aware of the threats of energy security and climate change. It is moving from a self-sufficient energy supply to an era that mainly relies on imports. According to the consumption pattern in 2003, It is estimated that 80% of the UK's energy will have to be imported in 2020. Moreover, the impact of climate change is imminent.