Stable Soil Ecosystem

The stable soil ecosystem has certain structural characteristics: ① Vertical structure. Generally composed of three levels: the first layer is the biological colony layer, which is the main place for plants to perform photosynthesis, and the height of the space occupied varies with plant species; the second layer is the biological ground layer, including the biological colony on the ground And the soil layer reached by plant roots, where soil animals and soil microorganisms are rich, the accumulation, decomposition, transformation of biological materials, the leaching and precipitation of mineral elements, and the active place for water evapotranspiration; the third layer is the soil bottom and rocks The weathered layer has few biological organisms and is the base for the replenishment of soil mineral nutrients and water. ② Horizontal structure. There are generally three patterns: uniform distribution, the distribution of biological populations is uniform, each occupying a certain area in two-dimensional space; clustered distribution, biological populations are distributed in groups intermittently in space; random distribution, most organisms in the soil ecosystem The distribution of species is random.