There are many methods for preparing nanoparticles, which can be divided into physical methods and chemical methods.
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Vacuum cooling method: Use vacuum evaporation, heating, high-frequency induction and other methods to vaporize the raw materials or form particles, and then quench them. It is characterized by high purity, good crystal structure and controllable position, but high technical equipment requirements.
Physical crushing method: Nano particles are obtained through mechanical crushing, electric spark explosion and other methods. It is characterized by simple operation, low cost, but low crystal purity and uneven distribution along the grain.
Mechanical ball milling method: Use ball milling method to control proper conditions to obtain nanoparticles of pure elements, alloys or composite materials. It is characterized by simple operation and low cost, but the product purity is low and the particle distribution is uneven.
Vapor deposition method: the use of metal compound vapor chemical reaction to synthesize nanomaterials. It is characterized by high product purity and narrow particle size distribution.
Precipitation method: After the precipitant is added to the salt solution to react, the precipitation is heat-treated to obtain nanomaterials. Its characteristics are simple and easy to use, but the purity is low, and the particle radius is large, which is suitable for preparing the carrier.
Hydrothermal synthesis method: synthesis in aqueous solution or steam and other fluids under high temperature and high pressure, and then separate and heat treatment to obtain nanoparticles. It is characterized by high purity, good dispersion and easy control of particle size.
Sol-gel method: the metal compound is solidified by solution, sol, and gel, and then subjected to low temperature heat treatment to generate nanoparticles. It is characterized by many reaction species, uniform product particles, easy control of the process, and suitable for the preparation of oxides and 11-VI group compounds.
Microemulsion method: Two: the immiscible solvent forms an emulsion under the action of surfactants, and the microbubbles undergo nucleation, coalescence, agglomeration, and heat treatment to obtain nanoparticles. Its characteristic particles are monodisperse and have good interface properties, and 11-VI group semiconductor nanoparticles are mostly prepared by this method.
Hydrothermal synthesis method-synthesis in aqueous solution or steam and other fluids under high temperature and pressure, and then separate and heat treatment to obtain nanoparticles. It is characterized by high purity, good dispersion, and easy control of particle size.