Cathode ray application
Electron oscilloscopes, oscilloscopes for televisions, electron microscopes, etc. all work by using cathode rays to deflect and focus under the action of electromagnetic fields, and to make certain materials that are illuminated, such as zinc sulfide, fluoresce. X-rays can be generated by hitting certain metal targets and can be used to study the crystal structure of matter. Cathode rays can also be used directly for cutting, melting, welding, etc.