Introduction to wave-particle duality
Wave-particle duality means that all particles or quanta can be described not only in particle terms but also in wave terms. This means that the classic concepts of "particles" and "waves" have lost the ability to fully describe the physical behavior in the quantum range. Einstein described this phenomenon as follows: "It seems that sometimes we must use one set of theories, sometimes we must use another set of theories (the behavior of these particles), and sometimes we must use both. We encountered a This kind of new difficulty forces us to describe reality with two contradictory viewpoints. The two viewpoints alone cannot fully explain the phenomenon of light, but they can be combined together. "Wave-particle duality is One of the basic properties of microscopic particles. In 1905, Einstein proposed a light quantum interpretation of the photoelectric effect, and people began to realize that light waves have the dual nature of waves and particles. In 1924, De Broglie proposed the "material wave" hypothesis, thinking that, like light, all matter has the duality of wave and particle. According to this hypothesis, electrons also have wave phenomena such as interference and diffraction, which was confirmed by later electron diffraction experiments.