1. Newborn babies must do all kinds of work when they are born
a. When giving birth, prepare for the rescue of the newborn.
b. The umbilical cord is immediately broken after the fetus is delivered to reduce the entry of antibodies into the baby's body.
c. Keep the umbilical cord for exchange blood in children with severe hemolytic disease.
2. Treatment of little babies
Children with ABO hemolytic disease mainly manifested as jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. The severity of clinical symptoms varies greatly. The mild cases are often similar to neonatal physiological jaundice, and the severe cases may have obvious symptoms. After the newborn is born, it is necessary to closely observe the time of jaundice. Generally, jaundice will appear within 24 hours in severe cases, and pay attention to the speed of jaundice. If the bilirubin concentration is too high, it can cause bilirubin if it is not treated in time. Encephalopathy will affect intelligence later, so ABO hemolytic disease should be treated as soon as possible.
a. Light therapy
Light therapy is the most convenient and effective way to treat neonatal jaundice. It has the advantages of fast jaundice and less side effects. After receiving light, bilirubin can be decomposed into water-soluble, excreted from the intestine and urine, thereby reducing blood Medium bilirubin concentration can avoid the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy.
Side effects: Some babies may have mild side effects such as transient skin rash and increased stool frequency during phototherapy. These symptoms do not need to be treated, and they can heal by themselves after stopping the light.
b. Medication
For more severe jaundice, light therapy can be repeated multiple times, and medications can be added at the same time. Drugs that inhibit the antigen reaction can be used to reduce continued hemolysis, activate the liver cell enzyme system, accelerate the metabolism and excretion of bilirubin, or prevent the reabsorption of bilirubin in the intestinal tract.
C. Iron supplement or blood transfusion
Most babies with ABO hemolytic disease do not need to be exchanged, and the prognosis is good after active treatment. Neonatal ABO hemolytic disease is often accompanied by anemia, and its degree is consistent with the degree of hemolysis. Patients with mild hemolysis usually have mild anemia, and children with severe hemolytic disease may have more severe anemia. Corresponding treatments such as iron supplementation or blood transfusion can be given according to the degree of anemia.