How hybrid electric vehicles work
The power system of a hybrid electric vehicle is mainly composed of a control system, a drive system, an auxiliary power system, and a battery pack.
Take a series hybrid electric vehicle as an example, and introduce the working principle of a hybrid electric vehicle.
At the beginning of the vehicle, the battery is in a state of full power, its energy output can meet the requirements of the vehicle, and the auxiliary power system does not need to work. When the battery power is less than 60%, the auxiliary power system starts: when the vehicle energy demand is large, the auxiliary power system and the battery pack provide energy for the drive system at the same time; when the vehicle energy demand is small, the auxiliary power system provides energy for the drive system At the same time, the battery pack is also charged. Due to the existence of the battery pack, the engine works in a relatively stable working condition and its emissions are improved.
Hybrid vehicles use smaller engines that can meet the cruising needs of the car, and rely on electric motors or other auxiliary devices to provide additional power for acceleration and climbing. The result is improved overall efficiency without sacrificing performance. Hybrid vehicles are designed to recover braking energy. In a traditional car, when the driver steps on the brake, the energy that could be used to accelerate the car is thrown away as heat in vain. However, hybrid vehicles can recover most of this energy and temporarily store it for reuse during acceleration. When the driver wants the maximum acceleration, the gasoline engine and the electric motor work in parallel to provide starting performance comparable to a powerful gasoline engine. In the occasions where the acceleration requirements are not too high, the hybrid vehicle can run on the electric motor alone, or on the gasoline engine alone, or a combination of the two to achieve maximum efficiency. For example, use gasoline engines when cruising on the highway. When driving at low speeds, it can be driven by a motor alone, without the assistance of a gasoline engine. Even when the engine is off, the electric power steering assist system can still maintain its steering function, providing greater efficiency than traditional hydraulic systems.